Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of toxic elements in Panax quinquefolium L. based on multi-element semi-quantitative screening

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20230235

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To semi-quantitative rapid screen and assess the risk of toxic elements in Panax quinquefolium L. by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Methods After microwave digestion of Panax quinquefolium L., ICP-MS was used for semi-quantitative determination of heavy metals and toxic elements. According to the basic steps of risk assessment, the risks of Al, As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni and Cd were evaluated. Results The contents of Pb, Cd, As, Hg and Cu in Panax quinquefolium L. were lower than the limits of current Pharmacopoeia. The results of multi-elements showed that the contents of Fe and Mn were the highest (29.27~140.17 mg·kg^-1 and 33.01~87.46 mg·kg^-1）. The content of Zn was in the range of 8.27 to 22.72 mg·kg^-1. The contents of Se were≤0.43 mg·kg^-1. The content of Sn were 0.01~0.18 mg·kg^-1. The results of risk assessment showed that the daily exposure of heavy metals and toxic elements in Panax quinquefolium L. was in the order: Mn > Al > Cu > Ni > Cd > Pb > As. The non-carcinogenic risk of Al, As, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni and Cd can be accepted, and the carcinogenic risk of As and Pb can also be accepted. Conclusion The combination of semi-quantitative analysis method and risk assessment technology can quickly determine the concentration range and risk status of harmful target elements in Panax quinquefolium L., and provide scientific and technical support for effective response to accidents caused by TCMs.

Key words: Panax quinquefolium L., heavy metals, rapid analysis, multi element monitoring of traditional Chinese medicine, carcinogenic risk assessment, non-carcinogenic risk assessment

CLC Number:

R961

ZUO Tiantian, WANG Zhao, GUO Yuansheng, WEI Feng, JIN Hongyu, MA Shuangcheng. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment of toxic elements in Panax quinquefolium L. based on multi-element semi-quantitative screening[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2023, 20(10): 1108-1112.

References

[1] CHENG JL, ZHANG XH, TANG ZW, et al.Concentrations and human health implications of heavy metals in market foods from a Chinese coal-mining city[J]. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 2017, 50: 37-44.
[2] CHEN CY, DRISCOLL CT.Integrating mercury research and policy in a changing world[J]. Ambio, 2018, 47(2): 111-115.
[3] KASHYAP R, VERMA KS, UNIYAL SK, et al.Geospatial distribution of metal(loid)s and human health risk assessment due to intake of contaminated groundwater around an industrial hub of northern India[J]. Environ Monit Assess, 2018, 190(3): 136.
[4] MAGHAKYAN N, TEPANOSYAN G, BELYAEVA O, et al.Assessment of pollution levels and human health risk of heavy metals in dust deposited on Yerevan's tree leaves(Armenia)[J]. Acta Geochim, 2017, 36(1): 16-26.
[5] CHERFI A, ABDOUN S, GACI O.Food survey: levels and potential health risks of chromium, lead, zinc and copper content in fruits and vegetables consumed in Algeria[J]. Food Chem Toxicol, 2014, 70(5): 48-53.
[6] ANTONIADIS VA, GOLIA EE, LIU Y, et al.Soil and maize contamination by trace elements and associated health risk assessment in the industrial area of Volos, Greece[J]. Environ Int, 2019, 124: 79-88.
[7] LIN HQ, LI PY, LIU JP, et al.Research progress on identification, chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of wild American ginseng[J]. Natural Product Research and Development(天然产物研究与开发), 2017, 29(12) : 2157-2162.
[8] ZUO TT, LI YL, LI YP, et al.Semi-quantitative analysis of heavy metals and toxic elements in 13 traditional Chinese medicines by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis(药物分析杂志), 2017, 37(12): 2262-2268.
[9] KHAN S, CAO Q, ZHENG YM, et al.Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soil and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China[J]. Environ Pollut, 2008, 152(3):686-692.
[10] MAHMOOD A, MALIK RN.Human health risk assessment of heavy metals via consumption of contaminated vegetables collected from different irrigation sources in Lahore[J]. Arab J Chem, 2013, 7(1): 91-99.
[11] SUN L, MA X, JIN HY, et al.Geographical origin differentiation of Chinese Angelica by specific metal element fingerprinting and risk assessment[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020, 27: 45018-45030.
[12] ZUO TT, JIN HY, ZHANG L, et al.Innovative health risk assessment of heavy metals in Chinese herbal medicines based on extensive data[J]. Pharmacological Research, 2020, 159:104987.
[13] ZHU ML, ZHU XZ, FENG NC.Evaluation of health risks and determination of limited concentrations of heavy metals in Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine(中成药), 2016, 8(8):1771-1776.
[14] ZHOU HY, YANG JS, ZHOU YQ, et al.Determination of heavy metals and harmful elements in American ginseng by ICP-MS after microwave-assisted digestion[J]. Chinese Journal of Hospital Pharmacy(中国医院药学杂志), 2011, 31(17): 889-891.
[15] YANG XL.Contents of cadmium in Oldenlandiae diffusae Herba from various habitats and transfer rule of cadmium from medicinal material to Chinese medicinal granules[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine(中成药), 2012, 34(1): 97-99.
[16] YAO SM, WANG Q.Determination of lead, mercury and cadmium in six common nourishing traditional Chinese medicines[J]. Guangdong Weiliang Yuansu Kexue(广东微量元素科学),2006, 13(3): 50-52.
[17] XU GS, LIU CG.Determination of 20 heavy metals and trace elements in lonicera japonica and lonicera hypoglauca by ICP- MS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharma-Covigilance(中国药物警戒), 2015, 12(10): 614-617.