中药中真菌毒素检测的误差来源与控制方法研究进展

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.20230267

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的总结中药中真菌毒素的污染现状,分析真菌毒素检测中的误差来源及控制方法,为中药真菌毒素检测结果的可靠性提供参考。方法采用理论研究与文献调研等方法,总结中药真菌毒素检测过程中的误差来源,并为误差控制的方法提出建议。结果采样作为真菌毒素检测的第一步,直接关系到检测结果的准确性,是最大的误差来源;样品制备与分析结果直接相关,是检测结果正确性的重要保障。为了保证真菌毒素检测结果的准确性,应采用科学、合理的采样方案,使用适宜的样品制备方法和灵敏、准确的分析技术。结论本文从采样、样品制备、分析检测等方面阐述真菌毒素检测中的误差来源和控制方法,为提高中药真菌毒素检测的分析质量、降低分析风险提供一定的参考。

关键词: 中药, 真菌毒素, 误差, 控制方法, 检测

Abstract: Objective To study the current mycotoxin contamination in traditional Chinese medicine, analyze the error sources and control methods of mycotoxin detection, and provide reference for reliable detection of mycotoxin in traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Theoretical research and literature review were used to summarize the sources of errors in the detection of mycotoxin, a traditional Chinese medicine. Recommendations were offered about the methods of error control. Results Sampling, as the first step of mycotoxin detection, was directly related to the accuracy of detection results, but was the biggest source of errors. Sample preparation was directly correlated with results of analysis and served as an important guarantee of the accuracy of test results. In order to ensure the accuracy of results of mycotoxin detection, a well-designed sampling scheme, appropriate sample preparation methods and sensitive and accurate analysis techniques should be used. Conclusion This paper has explored the sources of errors and control methods of mycotoxin detection in terms of sampling, sample preparation, analysis and detection so as to provide reference for improving the quality of analysis and reducing the analysis risk of mycotoxin detection in traditional Chinese medicine.

Key words: traditional Chinese medicine, mycotoxin, error, control methods, detection

中图分类号:

R927.1

李海亮, 李耀磊, 王赵, 昝珂, 刘丽娜, 金红宇, 马双成. 中药中真菌毒素检测的误差来源与控制方法研究进展[J]. 中国药物警戒, 2023, 20(10): 1184-1188.

LI Hailiang, LI Yaolei, WANG Zhao, ZAN Ke, LIU Lina, JIN Hongyu, MA Shuangcheng. Research progress in error sources and control methods of mycotoxin detection in traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2023, 20(10): 1184-1188.

参考文献

[1] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Worldwide regulations for mycotoxins in food and feed in 2003[S].Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations: Rome, Italy, 2004.
[2] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China Volume I(中华人民共和国药典一部)[M]. Beijing: China Medical Science Press, 2020.
[3] AGRIOPOULOU S, STAMATELOPOULOU E, VARZAKAS T.Advances in analysis and detection of major mycotoxins in foods[J]. Foods, 2020, 9(4): 518.
[4] GOUD KY, KAILASA SK, KUMAR V, et al.Progress on nanostructured electrochemical sensors and their recognition elements for detection of mycotoxins: a review[J]. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2018, 121: 205-222.
[5] ZHOU Y, KONG W, LI Y, et al.A new solid-phase extraction and HPLC method for determination of patulin in apple products and hawthorn juice in China[J]. Journal of Separation Science, 2012, 35: 641-649.
[6] ZHANG X, WANG F, CHEN HP, et al.Research progress on fungi and mycotoxin infection of Chinese medicinal materials[J]. World Science and Technology/Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica, 2015, 17(11): 2381-2387.
[7] BRASE S, ENCINAS A, KECK J.Chemistry and biology of mycotoxins and related fungal metabolites[J]. Chemical Reviews, 2009, 109(9): 3903-3990.
[8] GUO QJ, GAO YL, WANG SH.Determination of aflatoxin G₂、G₁、B₂、B₁ in 150 Chinese herbs by HPLC[J]. China Pharmacist, 2012, 15(12): 1696-1698.
[9] LIU LN, JIN HY, SUN L, et al.General investigation and preliminary risk assessment of aflatoxins in traditional Chinese medicines and their preparations[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2015, 50(17): 1541-1546.
[10] YU JS, YANG MH, HAN JP, et al.Fungal and mycotoxin occurrence, affecting factors, and prevention in herbal medicines: a review[J]. Toxin Reviews, 2021, 50(17): 1541.
[11] JOSEPH K, LIMBIKANI M, MAURICE M, et al.Are sample size and sample preparation for mycotoxin quantitation in grain products getting trivialized?[J]. Food Control, 2021, 130(108400): 1-5 .
[12] MIRAGLIA M, SANTIS D, MINARDI B, et al.The role of sampling in mycotoxin contamination: An holistic view[J]. Food Additives & Contaminants, 2005, 22(s1):31-36.
[13] WHITAKER TB.Sampling foods for mycotoxins[J]. Food Additives and Contaminants,2006, 23(1):50-61.
[14] WHITAKER TB.Standardisation of mycotoxin sampling procedures: an urgent necessity[J]. Food Control, 2003, 14:233-237.
[15] WHITAKER TB, DICKENS JW, MONROE RJ, et al.Variability of aflatoxin test results[J]. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 1974, 5(51):214-218.
[16] WHITAKER TB.Detecting mycotoxins in agricultural commodities[J]. Molecular Biotechnology, 2003, 23(1):61-71.
[17] CAMPBELL AD, WHITAKER TB, POHLAND AE, et al.Sampling, sample preparation, and sampling plans for foodstuffs for mycotoxin analysis[J]. Pure Appl Chem, 1986, 58(2): 305-314.
[18] SARGEANT K, OKELLY J, CARNAGHAN RBA, et al.The assay of a toxic principle in certain groundnut meals[J]. Vet Rec, 1961, 73, 1219-1222.
[19] United States Pharmacopeial Convention. USP 38-NF 33 Chapter 561: Articles of Botanical Origin[M]. United States Pharmacopeial Convention: Rockville, MD, USA, 2014.
[20] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(中华人民共和国药典)[M]. Beijing: Chinese Medicine Science Press, 2015.
[21] Japanese Pharmacopoeia Commentary Editorial Committee. The Japanese Pharmacopoeia 17th Edition (English Version), Analytical Methods for Aflatoxins in Crude Drug and Crude Drug Preparations[M]. Tokyo: Japanese Pharmacopoeia Commentary Editorial Committee, 2016: 2513-2515.
[22] LEQUIN RM.Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)/enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)[J]. Clin Chem, 2005, 51(12): 2415-2418.
[23] GYPM. Proceedings of first world conference on sampling and blending[J]. Special Issue of Chemometrics and Intelligent Lab Systems, 2004, 74(18): 7-15.
[24] SCHILLING EG.A lot sensitive sampling plan for compliance testing and acceptance sampling[J]. Journal of Quality Technology, 1978, 10(2): 47-51.
[25] Ministry of Agriculture of the PRC. NY/T789-2004. Guidelines for sampling for pesticide residue analysis[S]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2004.
[26] GIPSA. Grain inspection handbook.Book I: Grain sampling. Washington (DC): USDA grain inspection, packers and stockyards administration[EB/OL]. [2023-03-16]. https://www.gipsa.usda.gov/osp/policymemo/275.
[27] European Committee for Standardization. ISO 24333- 2009. Cereals and cereal products-Sampling[S]. European Committee for Standardization, 2010.
[28] World Health Organization (WHO). Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials[S]. Geneva: WHO, 2011.
[29] LEE D, LYU J, LEE KG.Analysis of aflatoxins in herbal medicine and health functional foods[J]. Food Control, 2015, 48: 33-36.
[30] ROMAGNOLI B, MENNA V, GRUPPIONI N, et al.Aflatoxins in spices, aromatic herbs, herb-teas and medicinal plants marketed in Italy[J]. Food Control, 2007, 18: 697-701.
[31] SMLFM B, MEDEIROS FD, JESUS OE, et al.Development and validation of a method for the quantitative determination of aflatoxin contaminants in Maytenus ilicifolia by HPLC with fluorescence detection[J]. Phytochem. Anal, 2005, 16: 267-271.
[32] Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. Aflatoxins in Corn, Raw Peanuts, and Peanut Butter, AOAC Official Method 2005.08[S]. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, 2006.
[33] European Commission. European Pharmacopoeia.8th edition[S]. Council of Europe Strasbourg, 2014: 276-278.
[34] United States Pharmacopeial Convention,Chapter 561: Articles of Botanical Origin, Second Supplement to USP 38-NF 33[M]. Rockville: MD, 2014: 7-9.
[35] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission.Chinese Pharmacopoeia, volume IV, 2015 edition[M]. Beijing: Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Press, 2015: 224-225.
[36] IP SP, CHE CT.Determination of aflatoxins in Chinese medicinal herbs by high-performance liquid chromatography using immunoaffinity columncleanup Improvement of recovery[J]. J Chromatogr A, 2006, 1135: 241-244.
[37] SHA DX, UWE G, SUN L, et al.Comparison oftwo post-column derivatization systems for HPLC determination of aflatoxinsin Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium[J]. Chin J Pharm Anal, 2013, 33: 1367-1371.