Ultramicrostructure of leaves of five toxic Chinese herbs including Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms

doi:10.19803/j.1672-8629.2022.04.04

Abstract

Abstract: Objective To observe the ultrastructure of poisonous herbal medicines, such as Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms. Chelidonium majus L. Geisemium elegans (Gardn.et Champ.) Benth. Solanum nigrum L. and Solanum lyratum Thunb. in order to provide reference for safe medication. Methods Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to identify the ultramicrostructure of these herbs. Results There were three types of stomata in the leaves of Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms: anomocytic, paracytic, and actinocytic. There was non-glandular and rod-shaped hair and two collateral vascular bundles in the midrib. There were two types of stomata in the leaves of Chelidonium majus L: anomocytic and actinocytic. There was single stalk glandular hair and multicellular non-glandular hair in the lower epidermis and one collateral vascular bundle in the midrib. There was calcium oxalate crystal on the leaf surface of Geisemium elegans(Gardn.et Champ.) Benth. with three types of stomata: anomocytic, paracytic and actinocytic. One amphicribral vascular bundle was found in the midrib. The leaves of Solanum nigrum L. also had three types of stomata: anomocytic, anisocytic, and actinocytic. There was also multicellular non-glandular, with one bicollateral vascular bundle and sand crystals in the midrib. There was a small amount of single-stalk glandular hair and a large amount of branching multicellular non-glandular hair in the leaves of Solanum lyratum Thunb. There were two types of stomata in the lower epidermis: anomocytic and actinocytic. Sand crystals were scattered on the surface. Conclusion The leaves of 5 types of toxic Chinese herbal medicines have distinct microscopic characteristics, which can facilitate the identification and quality evaluation of toxic Chinese herbal medicines.

Key words: toxic traditional Chinese medicine, Alangium chinense (Lour.) Harms., Chelidonium majus L., Geisemium elegans(Gardn.et Champ.) Benth., Solanum lyratum Thunb., Solanum nigrum L, Solanum lyratum Thunb., leaves, scanning electron microscope, authentication of Chinese medicine, ultramicrostructure

CLC Number:

R282R927R994

XU Lu, YANG Jingfan, SHEN Zhirui, LU Sangyu, CHEN Suiqing. Ultramicrostructure of leaves of five toxic Chinese herbs including Alangium chinense(Lour.)Harms[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmacovigilance, 2022, 19(4): 361-368.

References

[1] LIU L, WANG H, ZHANG J.Report on the investigation and treatment of poisoning by accidental ingestion of Chinese medicine D. chinensis seeds[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research(时珍国医国药), 2006(9): 1846.
[2] CHEN PY, LIU QC.Investigation of a poisoning incident caused by accidental consumption of Chinese herbal medicine Gelsemium[J]. Strait Journal of Preventive Medicine(海峡预防医学杂志),2006(5): 31-32.
[3] GAN J. Migrant worker dies after eating herbal medicine[N]. Chongqing Evening News(重庆晚报), 2005-12-22.
[4] LIN ZL,XU H. The patient was poisoned and died after taking Chinese medicine. A Chinese herbal medicine shop owner was sentenced to death due to negligence[N]. Xijiang Metropolis Daily(梧州零距离网-西江都市报), 2021-3-11.
[5] YANG J.Research progress on application of microscopic identif-ication technology in identification of Chinese medicinal materials[J]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine(光明中医), 2021, 36(16): 2828-2830.
[6] YU LZ, LU J.The fundamental principles and applications of scanning electron microscopy[J]. Experiment Science and Technology(实验科学与技术), 2019, 17(5): 85-93.
[7] LIU L, WANG WK.Research progress of different treatment and observation methods of electron microscopy (sem) samples of plant leaf[J]. Guangdong Sericulture(广东蚕业), 2021, 55(3): 28-30.
[8] Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials of Guangdong Province Volume One(广东省中药材标准 (第一册)): D/WS-001-2003[S], 2004: 1-2.
[9] ZHANG YM, LIAO XL, WANG XN, et al.Research status on pharmacological and toxicological effects of Alangium chinense[J].The Chinese Journal of Clinical Pharmacology(中国临床药理学杂志), 2019, 35(19): 2476-2478, 2482.
[10] LI Y, LIU C, TIAN Y, et al.Pharmacognosy research of national medicine alangium platanifolium (Sieb.et Zucc.) harms[J]. Journal of Southwest University for Nationalities' Natural Science Edition(西南民族大学学报自然科学版), 2010, 36(2): 246-248.
[11] Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee.Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China(2020版《中华人民共和国药典》一部)[S], 2020: 247-248.
[12] LI PS, SHI XJ, WEI Y, et al.The research progress of chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Chelidonium majus[C]//2014 China Pharmaceutical Conference and the 14th China Pharmacist Week Proceedings(2014年中国药学大会暨第十四届中国药师周论文集), 2014: 943-947.
[13] YANG MH, LEI JT, ZHANG DD, et al.Recent advances in anticancer composition and effect of celandine[J]. Ginseng Research(人参研究), 2017, 29(2): 55-57.
[14] CAI YT, WU LL, CHANG L, et al.Research progress on pharmac-ological effects of celandine[J]. Journal of Mudanjiang Medical University(牡丹江医学院学报), 2012, 33(2): 57-60.
[15] WANG X, LIU HZ, LIU SY, et al.Research progress on the effect of celandine alkaloids[J]. Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine(黑龙江畜牧兽医), 2016(14): 180-181.
[16] LI P, ZHU Y.Characters and microscopic identification of celandine[J]. Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials(中药材), 2010, 33(10): 1563-1564.
[17] Health Department of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Standard(广西中药材标准)[S]. Nan Ning, 1990: 247-248.
[18] SUN MX, XU QQ, MENG WQ, et al.Research progress on pharma-cology and toxicological mechanism of Gelsemium[J]. Journal of Toxicology(毒理学杂志), 2020, 34(4): 336-341.
[19] ZHAO YT, WU SP, HU CL, et al.Reviews on chemical compo-sitions and pharmacological effect of gelsemium elegan[J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae(中国实验方剂学杂志), 2019, 25(3): 200-210.
[20] DAI LY, JIANG YZ.A Brief talk on the identification of geisemium elegans(gardn.et champ.)benth and similar drugs[J]. Fujian Medical Journal(福建医药杂志), 1982(4): 39-40.
[21] WANG ZH, ZHANG HQ.Pharmacognosy research of chinese medicine gelsemium[J]. Fudan University Journal of Medical Sciences(上海第一医学院学报现复旦学报), 1982(2): 81-86.
[22] XU F, CHEN Y, TAN W, et al.Poison participates in the identification of its misuse of Gelsemium[J]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research(时珍国医国药), 2011, 22(2): 443-444.
[23] Henan Provincial Department of Health. Standards for Chinese Medicinal Materials in Henan Province.(河南省中药材标准)[S], 1991: 28-30.
[24] SONG WJ, GU W.Research progress of solanum sylvestris pharmacology[J]. Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica-World Science and Technology(世界科学技术-中医药现代化), 2018, 20(2): 304-308.
[25] LIU HF, XU LX, LI HB, et al.Application and identification of fresh s.nigrum[J]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine(光明中医), 2015, 30(4): 877-879.
[26] LIU Z, LIU JF, LIANG N.The Study of different identification methods of five edible and medicinal herbs[J]. Food Research and Development, 2018, 39(8): 125-130.
[27] LIU LF, XU LX, LI HB, et al.The microscopic identification of solanum nigrum[J]. Chinese Journal of Modern Drug Application(中国现代药物应用), 2012, 6(24): 9-10.
[28] Guangdong Food and Drug Administration. The third volume of Guangdong standard of Chinese medicinal materials(广东省中药材标准第三册)[S], 2010: 184-187.
[29] ZHANG XJ, MA Y.Research progress of Solanum lyratum thunb’ pharmacological effects[J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine(亚太传统医药), 2008(1): 54-57.
[30] LI R, JIANG M, CHEN T.Solanum lyratum thunb’research progress[J]. Bachu Medical Journal, 2020, 3(3): 107-109.
[31] LIU XB, WU J.Study on pharmacognostic identification of solanum lyratum[J]. Journal of Science of Teachers’College and University(高师理科学刊), 2021, 41(4): 72-76.