关键词: 氯喹, 羟氯喹, 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 药品不良反应, 文献分析

Abstract: Objective To analyze the possible adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine (CQ/HCQ) and identify related influencing factors so as to provide reference for clinical rational application. Methods PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched, while literature on possible adverse drug reactions caused by CQ/HCQ and the related factors that were likely to induce adverse drug reactions were analyzed. Results A total of 1 280 articles were retrieved, and 42 of them were included finally. There were 7 articles on heart-related ADRs involving 10 patients with arrhythmia, including 4 cases of atrioventricular block, 4 cases of prolonged Q-T interval and 3 cases of death. Seven cases recovered after drug withdrawal, and a daily dose>1 g was more likely to cause cardiotoxicity. There were 4 vision-related articles on ADRs involving 5 cases, one of whom was treated with CQ, 4 treated with HCQ. Macular lesions occurred in one case, blurred vision in one case, and conjunctival hyperemia in two cases. Neither blurred vision nor macular lesions recovered after drug withdrawal. Skin ADRs were mentioned in 21 articles, including 2 cases of Stevens Johnson Syndrome and 10 cases of acute or generalized pustulosis. There were 10 other articles related to serious ADRs that were mainly manifested in the neuropsychological system and mental symptoms. Conclusion CQ/HCQ can cause serious ADRs. Patients with preexisting heart disease and interactions between drugs should be closely monitored. A proper dosage should be determined for novel coronavirus pneumonia. The disease severity, liver and kidney function of patients should also be considered, and different drugs and administration methods should be selected.

Key words: chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, novel coronavirus pneumonia, adverse drug reactions, literature analysis