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20 October 2017, Volume 14 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Function and Mechanism of Polygalasaponin F on Amyloid β Protein-induced Damage in Mice GAO Wei-zhen,MU Xin,ZHANG Xiao-hua 2017, 14(10): 577-581.  Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (501KB) ( 126 )   Objective To study the protective function and mechanism of polygalasaponin F(PGSF) against the injury induced by amyloid β protein (Aβ). Methods PC12 cells were exposed to Aβ, and the cell viability was analyzed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT), the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) were measured by DCFH-DA probe, the effects of PGSF on cognition were evaluated through the Morris water maze, and the protein level was detected by Western blot methods. Results It was showed that PGSF could increase the cell viability-impaired by Aβ, and decrease the accumulation of ROS induced by Aβ. Results further showed that Aβ could prolong the escape latency and decrease the crossing frequency, and PGSF (20 mg·kg-1) could improve these impaired movements. PGSF also could increase the protein level of brain derived neurophic factor(BDNF), and enhance the phosphorylation of TRK and GSK3β 216Y. Conclusion PGSF could protect cells from Aβ damage, and it was proved to prevent A-destroyed learning and memory, and this function might be associated with TRK-GSK3β-BDNF signal pathway. So, PGSF might be apotential compound for Alzheimer's disease. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Toxicity of Different Extractions of Sophorae Tonkinensis CHEN Ying,ZHANG Qian,HAN Shu-xian,HAN Fu-man,CHEN Liang-mian,TONG Yan,YOU Yun 2017, 14(10): 582-586.  Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (554KB) ( 205 )   Objective To explore the major toxic constituent of Sophorae Tonkinensis. Methods The decoction of Sophorae Tonkinensis were prepared by the usage method of clinic, and then, the alkaloid part and non-alkaloid part (which mainly include flavonoids and saponins) of the decoction were prepared by macroporous resin and polyamide resin. The acute toxicity test of zebrafish was used to evaluate the toxicities of different extractions. In addition, MTT method was adopted to observe the impact of different extractions on growth of HepG2 cells, screening fractions with damage effect and caculating the half inhibitory concentration (IC50). LDH release assay was used to detect cell membrane injury. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptosis of HepG2 cells with Annexin V-FITC/PI double dye. Results The results of the toxicity of zebrafish showed that the non-alkaloid part was the main toxic part of Sophorae Tonkinensis. MTT assay also showed that the non-alkaloid site had the strongest inhibitory effect on the viability of HepG2 cells. The non-alkaloid part could induce HepG2 cell membrane injury and the rate of injury reached 67.31% at the concentration of 2 mg·mL-1. According to flow cytometry analysis, the apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by non-alkaloid part was higher than that of control (P <0.05). Conclusion All the above experiments suggest that the non-alkaloid part of Sophorae Tonkinensis may be the main toxic part. And the non-alkaloid part may affect cell viability by inducing cell membrane damage and apoptosis. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Pharmacodynamic Value of Sufentanil Inhibiting Laryngeal Mask Intubation Reaction Induced by Compound Propofol Anesthesia WANG Zhi-wei 2017, 14(10): 587-589.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (366KB) ( 152 )   Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamic value of sufentanil inhibiting laryngeal mask insertion reaction in the induction of propofol anesthesia. Methods 80 patients undergoing general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups: research group received propofol induced+sufentanil and control group received propofol induced +fentanyl, compared between two groups of patients at different points of bis, blood pressure and heart rate, adverse reactions and induction time. Results There was no significant difference in blood pressure and heart rate between the two groups at different time points (P >0.05). The incidence of overall adverse reaction in research group was significantly lower than that in control group, and there was significant difference (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the induction time of anesthesia between the two groups (P >0.05). Conclusion The inhibitory effect of sufentanil on the intubation of laryngeal mask is high in the induction of propofol anesthesia. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Paroxetine on Postoperative Psychological State and Pain Mediators in Eldly Fractured Patients with Anxiety and Depression XIE Yi-jing，ZHANG Peng, 2017, 14(10): 590-593.  Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (533KB) ( 127 )   Objective To investigate the effect of paroxetine on psychological status, pain score and pain mediators after surgery in the elderly patients with anxiety and depression after fracture. Methods From April 2015 to December 2016, a total of 60 eldly patients with anxiety and depression after fracture were enrolled in the study. According to the sequence of hospital admissions, all patients were divided into two groups: treatment group (n=30) and control group (n=30). All patients were given the conventional therapy and nursing. The treatment group recevied paroxetine on the basis of control group. Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were used to evaluate mood disorders change. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was applied to measure pain. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes of psychological state, pain scale and serum pain mediators before and 28 d after treatment were observed and compared in both groups. Nursing satisfaction level was evaluated before discharging. Results Before treatment, there were no statistical difference in HAMA,HAMD and VAS score between two groups (P ＞0.05). After treatment, HAMA, HAMD and VAS score in the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment (all P ＜0.01). After treatment, HAMA,HAMD and VAS score in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively (P ＜0.05 or 0.01). Before treatment, there were no statistical differences in serum 5-HT, NO, PGE2 levels between two groups (P＞0.05). After treatment, serum 5-HT, NO, PGE2 levels in both groups were significantly lower than before treatment (all P＜0.01). After treatment, serum 5-HT, NO, PGE2 levels in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in control group, respectively (P ＜0.05 or 0.01). Satisfaction on nursing service in the treatment group was higher than that in control group (P ＜0.05). Conclusion Paroxetine can effectively relieve anxiety and depression, reduce pain and the expression of pain mediators, improve nursing satisfaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental Study on "Dose-time-toxicity" Relationship of Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Induced by Different Extracts of Cassiae Semen in Mice HUANG Na-na,GUO Xin,CAI Tao-tao,SUN Rong 2017, 14(10): 594-598.  Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (759KB) ( 178 )   Objective To reach the influences of different extracts from Cassiae Semen on "dose-toxicity" relationship and "time-toxicity" relationship of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice by serum biochemical indexes and pathological. Methods Mice were grouped according to different time or dose points, and given all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components by gavage respectively. The ratio of liver and kidney to body was measured, the contents of ALT、AST、Cr、BUN and TNF-α related to hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in serum were detected. Results The "time- toxicity" relationship showed that after the mice were given different extracts of Cassiae Semen, the serum indexes (ALT, AST, Cr, BUN and TNF-α) in mice reached the peak at 1~2 h after treatment, and 48 h began to recover. The "dose- toxicity" relationship showed that: after single intragastric administration of alcohol extracted components(79.80~26.84)g·kg-1, water extracted components(57.45 ~23.53)g·kg-1, all-components 15.00 g·kg-1 can cause obvious damage in liver and kidney, the serum ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, TNF- levels were significantly increased, which was respectively equal to (387.4~130.3) times, (294.0~120.5) times and 140.0 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70 kg humans. Conclusion Alcohol extracted components and water extracted components which were gavaged with different dose to mice can cause hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity and there was a certain relationship of "dose-time-toxicity". However the all-components was no dose-dependent relationship, may be related to the higher concentration of drugs, affecting intestinal absorption. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Acute Toxicity of Different Processed Water Extract of Polygoni multiflori in Mice WANG Yan-qing, SHI Liang, LV Li-li, HUANG Na-na ,GUO Xin,CAI Tao-tao, LI Xiao-yu, SUN Rong 2017, 14(10): 599-602.  Abstract ( 410 )   PDF (608KB) ( 229 )   Objective To compare the acute toxicity of different processed water extracts of Polygoni multiflori, and to provide the toxicological experimental data for the clinical safety of Polygoni multiflori. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition and Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Shanghai Beijing provincial specification of Chinese materia medica was provided for preparing five processed products. They are Bean-processing, Bean juice-6 h, Stew, Steamed and Bean juice-18 h respectively. According to the classical method of acute toxicity, calculation of intragastric administration with lethal dose per kilogram of body weight (LD50), by the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the maximum dose (MFD), continuous observation for 14 days, compared the acute toxicity of different processed products of water extract of Polygoni multiflori. Results The Raw are able to make MTD and the other groups are able to make MFD. The main toxicity of Polygoni multiflori were diarrhea, lazy movement, unsmooth hair, and emaciation, close eyes, and trembling, dyspnea before death. The MTD of raw was 107.10 g·kg-1·d-1, which is equal to 1 249.50 times of 70 kg people's daily dried medicinal herb expenses. The MFD of Bean-processing, Bean juice-6 h , Stew, Steamed and Bean juice-18 h were 309.60, 328.32, 336.96, 345.60, 354.24 g·kg-1·d-1 respectively, which was equal to 1 806.00, 1 915.20, 1 965.60, 2 016.00 and 2 066.40 times of 70 kg people's daily dried medicinal herb expenses. Conclusion The acute toxicity of different processed products of water extract of Polygoni multiflori in mice is Raw > Bean-processing > Bean juice-6 h > Stew > Steamed > Bean juice-18 h. The hepatotoxicity of Polygoni multiflori could be reduced by processing. Different processing methods have different effects of reducing toxicity. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Acute Toxicity of Different Processed Ethanol Extract of Polygoni Multiflori in Mice ZHAO Xin-mei, LI Xiao-yu, SUN Rong HUANG Na-na WANG Yan-qing, GUO Xin, CAI Tao-tao, LV Li-li, 2017, 14(10): 603-606.  Abstract ( 333 )   PDF (711KB) ( 175 )   Objective To compare the acute toxicity of different processed ethanol extracts of Polygoni Multiflori. Methods Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 Edition and Shanghai, Beijing, Anhui, Zhejiang and Henan provincial specification of Chinese materia medica was provided for preparing five processed products. They are Bean-processing, Bean juice-6 h, Stew, Steamed and Bean juice-18 h respectively. According to the classical method (median lethal dose LD50, maximum tolerated dose MTD, maximum dose MFD) of acute toxicity, and compare the acute toxicity of raw and different processed products from Polygoni Multiflori in mice. Results The raw and different processed products from Polygoni Multiflori had MTD value. The main toxicities of Polygoni Multiflori were lie prostrate, lazy movement, and trembling, and dyspnea before death. The MTD of raw, Bean-processing, Bean juice-6 h, Stew, Steamed and Bean juice-18 h was 101.08, 140.76, 227.52, 122.04, 141.48, 163.88 g·kg-1 respectively, which was respectively equal to 1 175.3, 823.2, 1 330.5, 713.7, 827.4, and 958.4 times of 70 kg people's daily dried medicinal herb expenses. Conclusion The raw and different processed products from Polygoni Multiflori can cause certain acute toxicity effect on normal mice, the size order is raw > Bean-processing > Bean juice-6 h > Stew > Steamed > Bean juice-18 h. Different ways of Polygoni Multiflori can affect its toxicity. It was suggested that the different processing methods of Polygoni Multiflori could affect the toxicity of its alcohol extracts. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Enlightens on Carrying out Reporting Responsibility of Manufactures in China from Reviewing the Post Marketing Surveillance System in US DONG Duo ，WU Gui-zhi， WANG Tao， LIU Jia，XIONG Wei-yi，WANG Dan 2017, 14(10): 607-610.  Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (514KB) ( 406 )   Objective By introducing the post marketing surveillance system in the United States, it provided advice on carrying out mainl responsibility of manufacturer. Methods Using literature review,it was showed the US surveillance system included general situation of the adverse event reporting, FDA adverse event reporting system(FAERS) and post marketing adverse drug experience(PADE) reporting inspection. Results FDA has set up advanced post marketing system including systemic legislation and effective investigation mechanism to make manufacturer perform mainl responsibility. Conclusion FDA provided the example and reference on requirements,scope,and inspection mechanism for carrying out reporting responsibility of manufacturers in China. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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General Considerations for Early-phase Clinical Trials of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy GAO Jian-chao，GAO Chen-yan 2017, 14(10): 611-614.  Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (691KB) ( 286 )   Objective To discuss the factors that affect the design of early-phase clinical trials and analyze the designing principles and methods of early-phase clinical trials. Methods The influencing factors of the clinical trials of CAR-T cells including the product characteristics, preclinical study and safety risk were analyzed, and the important considerations for the early clinical trials were summarized in terms of study objectives, subject and trial design, etc. Results The product characteristics, pre-clinical studies and safety risks of CAR-T cells are significantly different from other drugs, all of which have significant influences on early clinical trials. Conclusion It is important to explore the effective dose, side effects, and initial effectiveness of CAR-T cells in early clinical trials, and furthermore, the clinical applicability and process stability of CAR-T cells should also be validated in early clinical trials. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Literature Analysis of 508 Cases Reports of Adverse Reactions Induced by Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata YANG Xue, XIA Dong-sheng,TIAN Chun-hua,LI Lan,Sun Yi 2017, 14(10): 615-621.  Abstract ( 385 )   PDF (715KB) ( 279 )   Objective To explore the clinical toxicit characteristics and risk factors of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, in order to offer literature basis for clinical safety medication. Methods The adverse reactions of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata on literatures between January 1st, 1953 to May 1st, 2017 were summarized, and analyzed the toxicity characteristics and risk factors for clinical use. Results Both oral and external use of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata can lead to the adverse reactions. Oral use of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata causes multiple organ damage, the main injuries are nervous system injury, digestive system injury and cardiovascular system injury. And other damages are respiratory system injury, urinary system injury, visual impairment, systemic lesions and skin and its accessories damage. External use can cause skin and its accessories damage. The main risk factors of adverse reactions of Radix Aconite Lateral are raw product use, drug overdosage, improper decoction, using of folk prescription/medicined diet and drug misusage. Conclusion Toxicity of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata should be paid attention to in the clinical use, control the risk factors and prevent the happening of the adverse drug reaction. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of 372 Cases of Adverse Drug Reactions Induced by Ornidazole Sodium Chloride Injection ZHANG Li-jun,SONG Jiao-jiao 2017, 14(10): 622-625.  Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (645KB) ( 481 )   Objective To investigate the features of adverse drug reaction(ADR) induced by ornidazole sodium chloride injection, so as to provide advice for reducing adverse reaction rate and to promote the safe drug use in clinic. Methods The ADR cases induced by ornidazole sodium chloride injection were searched between January 2014 and December 2016 in our hospital. Patients' basic characteristics, medication situation，clinical manifestation, clinical feature, ADR time and drug use were statistically analyzed. Results The female cases were more than the males. Patients' age was from 21 to 80 years old. The ADRs mostly occurred in the process of medication. Main manifestations were digestive reactions, nervous reaction, et al. There were 11 serious ADR cases, 261 cases had the combination of drug use. Conclusion The patients treated with ornidazole sodium chloride injection should be closely monitored. The infusion should be scientifically arranged the sequence when multi-drugs are used, so as to avoid potential risks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Meta Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Dexmedetomidine Combined with Sufentanil for Postoperative Patient-cotrolled Intravenous Analgesia CHEN Peng, CHEN Fu-chao, ZHOU Ben-hong 2017, 14(10): 626-631.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (720KB) ( 257 )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA). Methods The randomized controlled trials of dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for PCIA were gathered from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, CNKI and VIP Data. After data extraction and quality assessment of the included RCTs, the RevMan 5.3 software was applied for Meta-analysis of visual analog scale (VAS) score, Ramsay score (RSS), number of bolus applications of PCIA and safety. Results The results of Meta-analyses showed that: ① as for VAS score, compared with the sufentanil group, the combination group had significant differences (P <0.05) at 12, 24 and 48 h post-operation; ②as for Ramsay sedation score, compared with the sufentanil group, the RSS at 12, 24, and 48-hour had significant differences when sufentanil combined with ketamine (WMD=0.68, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.01; WMD=0.56, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85, WMD=0.44 95% CI 0.11 to 0.76, P<0.05); ③there were significant differences in number of bolus applications of PCIA at 24 and 48 h post-operation between the combined group and the single sufentanil group (WMD=-2.64, 95%CI -4.50 to -0.78; WMD=-1.49, 95%CI -6.13 to 3.14, P<0.01); ④as for adverse reaction in the combination group compared with the single sufentanil group, incidences of nausea and vomiting, itchy skin, bradycardia and total adverse reaction were significantly (P<0.01, P=0.003, P=0.03 and P<0.01) decreased. Conclusion According to the domestic evidence, dexmedetomidine combined with sufentanil for PCIA could effectively alleviate post-operative pain compared with sufentanil alone, and can be able to reduce the incidences of adverse reactions. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The Current Situation and Countermeasures of Irrational Use of Toxic Traditional Chinese Medicine FAN Ying-ying,WANG Chen-hui,JIANG Qing-dan 2017, 14(10): 632-634.  Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (597KB) ( 308 )   Objective To explore the irrational use of toxic traditional Chinese medicine, analyze the causes of the irrational use of toxic traditional Chinese medicine, and provide reference and suggestions for promoting the rational use of toxic traditional Chinese medicine. Methods Empirical analysis of the status of toxic Chinese medicine abuse, to explore how to properly use the toxic traditional Chinese medicine. Results The current status of the abuse of toxic traditional Chinese medicine mainly include: physicians and patients lack of knowledge of toxic traditional Chinese medicine, lack of safety awareness, unreasonable use such as processing is not standardized, improper compatibility, dose is not accurate and so on. Conclusion The clinical use should be standardized, the promotion of the safe use knowledge of Chinese medicine education should be increased and promote the rational use of toxic Chinese medicine. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on Medication Compliance and It's Influence Factors of Extramural Hospital Second Grade Prevention for Senile Ischemic Stroke FENG Hua-jun 2017, 14(10): 635-637.  Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (597KB) ( 217 )   Objective To study the medication compliance and it's influence factors of second grade prevention for senile ischemic stroke patients. Methods Over 60 years old patients with ischemic stroke were selected. The data including basic information and medication history of them was collected. Then, the influence of medication compliance on the treatment effect was explored. Results 257 cases patients with ischemic stroke were collected as subjects for study. The factors such as 60~75 years old, light diet, stable household income, live with their children, attack numbers more than 4 times were benefit to medication compliance (P<0.05). The results of logistic regression showed, life diet habit, age, family factors, exercise habits, onset frequency, hypertension and hyperlipidemia were influence factors of medication compliance (P <0.05). Conclusion For senile ischemic stroke patients, the medication compliance was relate with life diet habit, age, family factors, exercise habits, onset frequency, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. We should pay more attention on patients with first onset of hypertension or dyslipidemia. References | Related Articles | Metrics