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20 October 2016, Volume 13 Issue 10 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Effects of FTY720 on Breast Cancer Cells MCF-7 and Its Mechanisms YANG Lei, WU Ji-hua, LIU Pei-lin, SHI Quan-xing, YIN Zhao, LIANG Qing-wei, ZHOU Li, DONG Xiao-xi, LEI Yan, ZHANG Yi-kun 2016, 13(10): 577-580.  Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1488KB) ( 124 )   Objective To investigate the anti-tumor effect and preliminary mechanism of FTY720 on breast cancer cells MCF-7. Methods MCF-7 cells were incubated with different doses of FTY720 (1, 2.5, 5 µM·L-1) in vitro for 24 hours to detect the effects of FTY720 on apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by DAPI and Annexin V-APC/ PI flow cytometry. Total RNA from cells was isolated and reverse transcribed to cDNA to test the mRNA expression levels of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 and Bax by real-time PCR, further signaling pathways molecules AKT, NFκB protein expression levels were detected by Western blotting. Results FTY720 could significantly inhibit cell proliferation and induce nuclear condensation and nuclear fragmentation at a concentration of 5 µM. FTY720 could induce apoptosis rate to 30.0% at a concentration of 5 µM, and the inhibition rate could be concentration-dependent (P<0.05). The mRNA expression level of anti-apoptotic related proteins Bcl-2 was significantly down-regulated and the mRNA expression of apoptosis protein Bax was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). We confirmed that after the MCF-7 cell being dealed with FTY720, phosphorylated AKT protein expression level was significantly reduced (P<0.05), phosphorylation NFκB protein expression level was significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion FTY720 can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by regulating the expression levels of various proteins in cells. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the Efficacy and Economy of Sequential Therapy and Triple Therapy of Esomeprazole Combined with Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin for Hp Positive Duodenal Ulcer WU Jian-ye, ZHOU Ying-qun, GUO Chuan-yong 2016, 13(10): 581-586.  Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (987KB) ( 128 )   objective To analyze and compare the efficacy and economy of sequential therapy and triple therapy of esomeprazole combined with clarithromycin and amoxicillin for Helicobacter pylori (Hp) positive duodenal ulcer, and provide the reference for eradication of Hp. Methods 290 patients with Hp positive duodenal ulcer from January 2015 to June 2016 in our hospital were studied prospectively. All of the patients were divided into three groups according to the visiting sequence, including 97 cases who received the modified sequential therapy as the modified sequential group, 97 cases who received the traditional sequential therapy as the traditional sequential group, and 96 cases who received the standard triple therapy as the standard triple group. Patients in the modified sequential group were provided 20 mg of esomeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin twice daily for the first 5 days, followed by 20 mg of esomeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 1 000 mg of amoxicillintwice daily for the remaining 5 days. Patients in the traditional sequential group were given 20 mg of esomeprazole, 1 000 mg of amoxicillin twice daily for the first 5 days, followed by 20 mg of esomeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 1 000 mg of amoxicillin twice daily for the remaining 5 days. Patients in the standard triple group received 20 mg of esomeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 1 000 mg of amoxicillin twice daily for standard 10-day therapy. All of the drugs were administered 2 times a day, the course of treatment was 10 days. The Hp eradication rate and adverse reaction of 3 groups were observed, the efficacy and cost analysis of the 3 groups were evaluated. Results A total of 275 patients were followed-up at the end of study, the Hp eradication rates of the modified sequential group, the traditional sequential group and the standard triple group were 88.66%(ITT) and 92.47%(PP), 84.54%(ITT) and 89.13% (PP), 72.92%(ITT) and 77.78%(PP).The Hp eradication rates of the modified sequential group and traditional sequential group were significantly higher than those of the standard triple group (P < 0.05). 247 cases of Hp were isolated and cultured successfully, resistant rate of clarithromycin was 13.36% (33/247), no amoxicillin resistant strains. The eradication rates of clarithromycin resistant Hp in the modified sequential group, traditional sequential group and standard triple group were 81.82% (9/11), 80.00% (8/10) and 33.33% (4/12) respectively, and the eradication rate in the modified sequential group and traditional sequential group were significantly higher than that in the standard triple group (P < 0.05). The eradication rates of sensitive strains in three groups were 93.90% (77/82), 90.24% (74/82) and 84.62% (66/78) respectively, without significant difference among the three groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total effective rate and incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups (P > 0.05). The cost-effectiveness ratio and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of the modified sequential group and traditional sequential group were slightly better than those of the standard triple group. Conclusion The sequential therapy and triple therapy of esomeprazole combined with clarithromycin and amoxicillin can be effective for Hp positive duodenal ulcer. However, the sequential therapy has higher Hp eradication rate and economic value than the standard triple therapy. The modified improved penetration therapy did not show any advantages in this study and still need to be further explored. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical Investigation and Analysis of Applying 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist to Prevent PONV in Patients of Anaesthesia ZHAO Cui-hong, ZHANG Han-xiang, WANG Sheng-hai, TANG Li-rong, PENG Min, MA Wen-xia 2016, 13(10): 587-590.  Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (946KB) ( 133 )   Objective Through researching the clinical application of 5-HT3 antagonist in anesthesia patients, to analyze the rationality, which is aiming at establishing the regulation and system of clinical application of 5-HT3 antagonist. Methods The clinical application research of 5-HT3 and statistics analysis were conducted by reasearching 246 samples randomly through looking through their medical history. Results The research has further testified the effectiveness and safety of applying 5-HT3 receptor anatagonist to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The specific dose conforms to the principle of clinical drug use, which is to be safe and economical. It is recommended as follows: ondansetron hydrochoride injectgion 4 mg ~ 8 mg or granisetron hydrochloride injection 3 mg by intravenous injection during perioperative period. Conclusion This research proved that there was a relative higher proportion of applying 5-HT3 receptor antagonist to prevent PONV among the participants. The research indicated that applying opioid drugs in most of the spine canal anesthesia was unnecessary, therefore, there was no necessity to apply serotonin receptor. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Retrospective Study on Effects of Renal Function and Combined Medication on Serum Concentration of Digoxin ZHANG Li-qin 2016, 13(10): 591-594.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (946KB) ( 182 )   Objective To analyze the effect of renal function and combined use of drugs on serum digoxin concentration, so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. Methods 482 patients were subjects for study, who had been treated with digoxin in the department of cardiology of our hospital during January 2013 to January 2016, a retrospective analysis about the clinical data of all patients was carried out. All patients were divided into renal function injury group and normal renal function group according to the glomerular filtration rate. The blood drug concentrations of digoxin in different groups were compared, at the same time, the drug combination of the patients with different serum concentrations of digoxin were compared, in order to investigate the influence of renal function and drug combination on the concentrations of digoxin. Results The concentration of digaoxin in renal function injury group was higher than the normal renal function group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results of spearman correlation analysis showed that, the GFR had significantly negative correlation with serum digoxin concentration (r=-0.833, P < 0.05). GFR < 60 mL·min-1·1.73 m-2, age≥60 years, taking beta blockers, taking thiazide diuretics, and the use of antimicrobial drugs were the risk factors affecting the serum digoxin concentration, but the use of anticoagulants was a protective factor of digoxin concentration, and had statistically significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion Serum concentration of digoxin is significantly influenced by renal function and drug combination, considering the patient’s renal function and drug combination to optimize the treatment program is very necessary. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Discussion on Method of Content Determination of Baicalin in Yinhuang Tablets ZHENG Yan-qing, LIU Xiang-guo ,ZHANG Jing, MA Fei ,SONG Xiu-rong 2016, 13(10): 595-597.  Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (983KB) ( 96 )   Objective To improve the method by comparative experiment discussion on method of content determination of Baicalin in Yinhuang Tablets. Methods Samples were extracted by 50%-methanal, then analyzed on C18 chromatography column (250 mm× 4.6 mm× 5 μm)with mobile phase consisted methanol-purified water-phosphoric acid (50:50:0.2) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was maintained at 30℃ and the detection wavelength was set at 274 nm. Results Good linearig of baicalin was achieved in the concentration range of 14.26 ~ 85.54 μg·min-1 (r=0.999 6) and the average recovey was 98.47% (RSD=1.12%). Conclusion The improved method is reliable and accurate, simple and sensitive with good separation efficiency. It is more suitable for the quality control of Yinhuang tablets. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and Thinking of the Work of Drug Clinical Trials in Municipal Hospital YI Dan 2016, 13(10): 598-601.  Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (925KB) ( 222 )   Objective To provide references for municipal hospital to carry out the work of drug clinical trials. Methods The mode and experience of clinical trials in our hospital were introduced, and the main problems to carry out drug clinical trials in municipal hospital were analysed.Suggestions and thinkings were put forward to further enhance the level of drug clinical trials in municipal hospital. Results & Conclusion There were many proplems to carry out the work of drug clinical trials in municipal hospital such as incomplete organization configuration, insufficient experience of researchers, patients difficult acception of subjects. In order to promote the standardization of drug clinical trials, the municipal hospital should strictly abide by the requirements of national laws and regulations, perfect management organization, increase hardware and software investment, make full use of the advantages of professional and dominant resources, utilize external resources, fan out from a point to an area. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Summary and Analysis of Safety Warning on Clinical Application of Chinese Patent Medicine Preparations for Coronary Heart Disease YANG Qian, SUN Rong 2016, 13(10): 602-605.  Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (990KB) ( 245 )   Objective To summarize and analyze the safety warning on clinical application of Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease systematically, so as to promote safe and rational use of the Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease. Methods All the Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease recorded in Clinical Medication Information of China Pharmacopoeia were looked up and the safety warning contents including toxicology research, adverse reactions and precautions for use were summarized and analyzed. Results There were 97 Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease recorded in Clinical Medication Information of China Pharmacopoeia, in which 16 kinds of drugs contained toxic traditional Chinese medicine, but the toxicology research can be seen in instructions of only 4 kinds of drugs. Besides 36 Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease which have a clear adverse reaction data, most of the adverse reactions were unclear. For aspects of contraindications including syndrome, compatibility, special groups and diets were introduced in precautions for use. Conclusion There are still safety risks in the use of Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease because lacking of safety information in instructions. In order to ensure safe medication, we should pay close attention to post-marketing safety evaluation of Chinese patent medicine preparations for coronary heart disease and improve the adverse reactions reporting and monitoring system further. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Safety and Risk Factor Analysis on Arecae Semen Base on Ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine Literatures HOU Wen-zhen, YANG Le, MA Chang-hua, GUO Xiao-xin, REN Jing-tian, SONG Hai-bo, PANG Yu 2016, 13(10): 606-608.  Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (984KB) ( 125 )   Traditional Chinese medicine Arecae Semen is dried seed of Areca catechu L. Its clinical application records were first discovered in literatures of the Northern and Southern dynasty. The origins, efficacy, toxicity, processing and taboos of Arecae Semen have been discussed in many ancient herb literatures. The Arecae Semen was identified as a carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer(IRAC) , and the safety of Arecae Semen has increasingly attracted attention of the society. In this paper, the authors summarized and analyzed the toxicity and medication risk factors of Arecae Semen recorded in ancient herb literatures, and proposed that more attention shall be paid to the effect of the origins and the compatibility on the components and toxicity of Arecae Semen in safety studies, which provides clues for the further studies. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Adverse Drug Reactions/Events Caused by Kang’ai Injection WANG Li-jian, JIN Feng, FAN Ruo-xi, LI Lei, GUAN Yu, QU Yi, ZHU Xu 2016, 13(10): 609-613.  Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (966KB) ( 838 )   Objective To study the general pattern and characteristics of adverse drug reactions/events(ADR/ADE) induced by Kang’ai injection, so as to provide references for improve rational use of medicines in clinic. Methods 1 906 reports of ADR/ADE related to the kang’ai injection in Jilin province were analyzed using retrospective study method. Results Among 1 906 reports, the elderly accountted for 51.73%. The main ADR/ADE was systemic damage(32.63%). The major clinical manifestations were anaphylactic shock, dyspnea, shiver and fever, etc, but there was no warning of these in the drug instructions. Conclusion It’s important to pay attention to the ADR/ADE caused by kang’ai injection, and perfect drug instructions, in order to improve rational use of medicines in clinic. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of Monitoring Data of 1188 Cases of Benzodiazepines Drug Abuse WANG Ya-li, ZHANG Qian-ting, YUAN Guo-hui, WANG Li-jian, QU-Yi 2016, 13(10): 614-618.  Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 134 )   Objective To investigate the drug abuse trends of diazepam based on surveillance data while determine the features among these drug-abuse people via drug-abuse monitoring strategies. Methods Surveillance data between 2011 and 2015 was collected and analyzed by Information Management System of Drug Abuse Surveillance Network through using keywords of ‘Jilin region’ and ‘benzodiazepines’. Results 1 188 cases of benzodiazepine drug abuse from Jilin region were reported between 2011 and 2015 according to the drug abuse surveillance data. The drug abusers of benzodiazepines were mainly among people over 40 years old. Individuals with educational backgrounds over junior high school accounted for 83.8% of the drug abusers. Most of those were unemployed. Oral administration was the most common way for the intake of abused drugs normally attained from hospitals. The major purposes for drug abuses were to ease troubles and inhibit emotion. The longest duration for drug abuse could be more than 15 years. Conclusion It can be concluded from the surveillance data of benzodiazepine drug abuse between 2011~2015 that drug abusers need to control their dosages and medication time to prevent the drug addiction of benzodiazepines. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Fluoride Foam Applied to Early Childhood Caries and Risk Analysis YU You-jian 2016, 13(10): 619-622.  Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (942KB) ( 233 )   Objective To investigate the effect of fluoride foam on preventing early enamel caries. Methods The study was based on 2 995 children under 3 years old who had suffered from early enamel caries in our hospital from September 2011 to September 2015. The patients were treated with fluoride foam(12 300 ppm) every three months. The effect was evaluated 4 years later. Effective: the cavity was smooth and hard, and its size did not change. Invalid: the extent of caries increased. Results The effective rate was 74.5%, and the ineffective rate was 25.5%. Conclusion Night feeding, eating snacks, brushing time and frequency are the important factors influencing the remineralization of teeth. Topical application of fluoride foam is effective in preventing caries. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Stability Influence of Esomeprazole Combined Pharmacotherapy with Different Solvents LI Qing-song 2016, 13(10): 623-626.  Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (964KB) ( 144 )   Objective To investigate the stability influence of esomeprazole sodium for injection combined pharmacotherapy with different solvents. Methods 40 mg esomeprazole sodium for injection was respectively dissolved in 100 mL water for injection, 0.9% sodium chloride, 5% glucose, 10% glucose, 5% glucose and sodium chloride injection. The concentrations of esomeprazole in different solvents were detected by high performance liquid chromatography at the time 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours. The pH value of the solution was measured regularly and the color/clarity change of the solution was observed. 100 mL solution was prepared by solvent with best stability above, then 10 mL levofloxacin injection, somatostatin for injection, amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium, ambroxol hydrochloride injection, compound amino acid injection, mannitol injection, fructose diphosphate sodium for injection, sodium potassium magnesium calcium glucose injection were added. The color/clarity change was observed at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hours. Results There were no significant changes on content, pH value and color/clarity within 24 h after being mixed with 0.9% sodium chloride. But when the esomeprazole was dissolved in water for injection, 5% glucose, 10% glucose, 5% glucose and sodium chloride injection, the content, pH value, and color/clarity all had different degrees of change. Esomeprazole combined with levofloxacin and amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium, the color/clarity had no obvious change after 24 hours. Combined with compound amino acid and mannitol injection, the color was changed after 6 hours, the color and clarity changed immediately when combined with somatostatin, ambroxol hydrochloride injection, fructose diphosphate sodium for injection and sodium potassium magnesium calcium glucose injection. Conclusion The concentration, pH value, color was stable when esomeprazole sodium for injection was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride. The color easily changed when esomeprazole combined with compound amino acid and mannitol injection, attention should be paid in the clinic. There were incompatibilities when esomeprazole combined with ambroxol hydrochloride injection, fructose diphosphate sodium for injection, sodium potassium magnesium, calcium and glucose injection, should be avoided in the clinical use. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Efficacy of Different Formula Infiltration Analgesia after Total Knee Arthroplasty ZHANG Da-zhi, ZHANG Wen-jie, YANG Xiao-yu 2016, 13(10): 627-629.  Abstract ( 271 )   PDF (995KB) ( 78 )   Objective To compare the analgesic efficacy of different formulas of local infiltration analgesia (LIA) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods 150 patients undergoing TKA under spinal anesthesia were randomized to three groups: group R (ropivacaine 100 mg dissolved to 50 mL with normal saline), group RF (ropivacaine 100 mg + fentanyl 100 μg dissolved to 50 mL with normal saline) and group RM(ropivacaine 100 mg + methylprednisolone 40 mg dissolved to 50 mL with normal saline). Continuous femoral nerve block (CFNB) was established after spinal anesthesia and 20 mL of 0.5% ropivacaine was infused through the catheter placed near femoral nerve. Adjuvant analgesics were IM pethidine. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed after operation at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h at rest and after operation at 12, 36 and 48 h on passive mobilization by acute pain service blinded to analgesic treatment. Nausea and vomiting, dizziness and other side-effects were assessed postoperatively. Results The pain VAS scores at rest of three groups were not significantly different 4 and 8 h after surgery. The pain VAS scores of group RM were significantly less than group R and group RF at rest 12, 16, 24, 36 and 48 h after surgery (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between group R and group RF. A significant difference in pain VAS scores was found in group RM vs. group R and group RF on passive mobilization 24, 36, 48 h after operation (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference between group R and group RF. The postoperative pethidine consumptions of group R and group RF were more than that of group RM (P<0.01）at 48 h after operation. Conclusion CFNB combined with LIA was effective in controlling postoperative pain after TKA. The best formula for LIA was ropivacaine combined methylprednisolone and normal saline, but not combined fentanyl and normal saline. References | Related Articles | Metrics